level of the_tags
Electronic device to detect and generate music from biological microvariations in a living organism2010-03-02 00:00:00or according to a 12-note scale.
Microprocessor U5 controls LED1, LED2, LED3, LED4, and LED5 to provide a visual indication of where within the range of the ADC the signal PROC_AD_0 is. If either the red LED5 or the red LED1 are lit, that indicates that the ADC is at an extreme end of its range, indicating that the level-shifting frequency-to-voltage converter DAC is unable to bring the signal back in range. Such a condition indicates a likely misconnection or misconfiguration of the interface to organism 2.
The microvariations sensed through the present invention may have various possibilities of linking. For instance, a voltage controlled audio frequency generator, or a MIDI interface audio generator, or a computerized interface portal, or a non-computerized one, or the management of systems of light mixing or electrical devices such as valves, pumps or electric engines or other servocontrols.
Such devices can have multiple uses, such as, for example, light and sound shows, play and entertainment, reproduction of artistic sound compositions through audio-visual supports, direct control of greenhouses, light sources, home and industrial uses, or it can allow the study of all phenomena linked to he sensitivity of the living biological organisms connected to the device.
Microprocessor U5 outputs a MIDI output (i.e., a serial output at 31,200 baud) that is representative of the change. An attached MIDI device translates these signals into musical tones.
In order to generate musical tones, the microprocessor periodically converts the analog output PROC_AD_0 into a digital value through its internal ADC. The microprocessor then monitors the converted digital value to determine when that digital value has changed. For example, when the monitored digital value increases, the microprocessor may send a serial MIDI command string to activate a musical note via the UART of the microprocessor. Similarly, if the monitored value decreases, the microprocessor may turn off the note. If the monitored digital value is close to an upper or lower limit of the ADC range, then the microprocessor may change the frequency driving the frequency to voltage converter to bring the input of the ADC closer to a center of its operating range.
Within the microprocessor U5, the sequence of samples from the ADC is converted to a sequence of musical note codes. Connector HDR1 is provided to connect the note code output from the microprocessor to a MIDI music synthesizer.
A number of switch inputs may be provided to enhance music quality. In FIG. 5d, switches SW3 and SW4 are used to increment and decrement musical instrument designation codes that the microprocessor sends to the MIDI synthesizer.
Turning now to the software, Appendix I shows a number of software modules that interact to provide the functionality discussed above. For example, an INITIALIZATION ROUTINE is shown on page 2. The INITIALIZATION ROUTINE functions to set up the system variables, registers, the interrupt vector, etc. to allow the system to operate properly.
Pages 2-3 show the MAIN program. The MAIN program functions as the main program loop for calling the appropriate subroutines. The MAIN program functions to provide the timing of the generation of the individual musical notes (e.g., input signal sampling frequency, MIDI note code generation, etc.). The MAIN program reads the Rate knob position as an input.
One subroutine called by the MAIN program is the AUTORANGE loop (AU_RG) shown on page 3 of Appendix I. The AUTORANGE loop is a software signal follower that may be used to regulate the device internal parameters to follow the signal from the plant (i.e., the AUTORANGE loop may be used to generate the feedback signal). In effect, the AUTORANGE loop functions to center a measurement window around the difference signal. If the DC
level of the difference signal should rise or fall, the AUTORANGE loop may detect and compensate for the change. The effect is that the AUTORANGE loop functions to maintain the dynamic range of the system 10 by maintaining an average signal value within the center of the window.
The MAIN program also calls the CONVERSION ROUTINE on page 4 of Appendix I. The CO...
Electronic musical instrument capable of reporting operating conditions including sound level and tempo2010-02-05 00:00:00frequency data to the tone generating unit 20, FIG. 2 (S17). On receiving the click frequency data, the tone generating unit 20 generates a click represented by the received data (S18). By such a sequence of steps S11 to S18, a click whose pitch matches a tempo to be newly set is generated.
Since players in general are acoustically trained more than ordinary persons, they are capable of sharply distinguishing the clicks having different pitches and thereby recognizing the sound levels and the tempos with accuracy.
SECOND EMBODIMENT
This embodiment informs the user of a sound level or a tempo selected and set by changing the sound levels of clicks which come out of a left and a right loudspeaker included in the instrument. FIG. 7 shows a control system representative of this embodiment. As shown, the control system, generally 40, has a selecting unit 12A similar to the selecting unit 12 of FIG. 2, a CPU 14A, a right click data memory 18R, a left click data memory 18L, a right tone generating unit 20R, a left tone generating unit 20L, a right loudspeaker 42R, and a left loudspeaker 42L. The right and left tone generating units 20R and 20L play the role of sound sources for the right and left loudspeakers 42R and 42L, respectively. The click data memories 18R and 18L are respectively associated with the tone generating sections 20R and 20L, and each stores data representative of various sound levels of a click that match, for example, various sound levels which may be selected and set.
FIG. 8A shows a specific relation between the sound levels which may be selected and set and the sound levels of a click to be produced from the left speaker 42L. FIG. 8B is a graph similar to FIG. 8A and associated with the right speaker 42R. As FIGS. 8A and 8B indicate, the illustrative embodiment assigns opposite relations between the sound levels to be set and the sound levels of the click to the right and left systems. Specifically, the clicks coming out of the right and left loudspeakers 42R and 42L are equal as to the sum of the sound levels. However, when the sound level selected and set is relatively low, the click coming out of the right loudspeaker 42R has a low sound level (FIG. 8B) while the click coming out of the left loudspeaker 42L has a high sound level (FIG. 8A). As the sound level to be set sequentially rises, the sound
level of the click coming out of the right loudspeaker 42R rises (FIG. 8B) while the sound
level of the click coming out of the left loudspeaker 42L falls (FIG. 8A). Therefore, when the minimum sound level is selected and set, the click is produced mainly from the left loudspeaker 42L. As the sound level is sequentially raised away from the minim...
Multi-stage musical instrument amplifier having distortion modes2009-11-09 00:00:00a portion of the cathode resistor.
4. In the preamplifier of claim 3, said attenuating means comprising a resistance adapted to be selectively connected across the output circuit of the first amplifier stage.
5. In the preamplifier of claim 1, further comprising means for modifying, for each mode of operation, the output
level of the second amplifying stage.
6. In the preamplifier of claim 5, the modifying means comprising a first mode volume control and a second mode volume control; said switch means comprising a first switch for selectively connecting the attenuating means to the first amplifier stage, and a second switch for selectively connecting the gain modifying means to the first amplifier stage; which further includes a third switch for selectively activating the first mode volume control, and a fourth switch for selectively activating the second mode volume control, and which further includes means for controlling said first, second third and fourth switches whereby in the first mode the attenuating means is connected to the first amplifier stage, the gain modifying means is disconnected from the first amplifier stage, the first mode volume control is activated and the second mode volume control is deactivated and in the second mode the attenuating means is disconnected from the first amplifier stage, the gain modifying means is connected to the first amPlifier stage, the first mode volume control is deactivated and the second mode volume control is activated.
7. In the preamplifier of claim 1, further comprising means for controlling, for each mode of operation, the frequency response of the output signal of the second amplifying stage.
8. In the preamplifier of claim 7, further comprising a first mode tone control and a second mode tone control; said switch means comprising a first switch for selectively connecting the attenuating means to the first amplifier stage, and a second switch for selectively connecting the gain modifying means to the first amplifier stage; which further includes a third switch for selectively activating the first mode tone control and a fourth switch for selectively activating the second mode tone control, and which further includes means for controlling said first, second, third and fourth switches whereby in the first mode the attenuating means is connected to the first amplifier stage, the gain modifying means is disconnected from the first amplifier stage, the first mode tone control is activated and the second mode tone control is deactivated and in the second mode the attenuating means is disconnected from the first amplifier stage, the gain modifying means is connected to the first amplifier stage, the first mode tone control is deactivated and the second mode tone control is deactivated.
9. In a preamplifier for audio frequency electrical signals generated by a musical instrument such as a guitar:
a first amplifier stage for receiving electrical signals generated by the musical instrument and providing an outPut signal;
a second amplifier stage adapted to be driven by the output signal from the first amplifier stage;
a third amplifier stage adapted to be driven by the output signal from the second amplifier stage;
means for attenuating the output signal of the first amplifier stage;
first gain modifying means for the first amplifier stage;
means for altering the level of output signal of the second amplifier stage;
second gain modifying means for the second amplifier stage; and switch means for selectively connecting the attenuating means to the first amplifier stage, for selectively connecting the level altering means to the second amplifier stage, for selectively connecting the first gain modifying means to the first amplifier stage, and for selectively connecting the second gain modifying means to the second amplifier stage to provide in a first mode an output signal from the second amplifier stage having a level which drives the third amplifier stage to provide a substantially linear output signal therefrom and to provide in a second mode an output signal from the second amplifier stage having a level w...
Waveform data processing system and method 2009-10-12 00:00:00or "off" event concerning each key. The keyboard 1 may be replaced with an electronic string instrument, an electronic reed instrument, an electronic pad instrument, a computer keyboard, etc.
A panel switch group 3 has keys which are scanned by a panel scanner 4. The scanner detects "on"/"off" data for each switch. The CPU 5 writes the detected data in the RAM 6 and compares the data with "on"/"off" state data for each key having been stored in the RAM 6, thus judging an "on" or "off" event concerning each switch.
In the RAM 6 are stored, in addition to the above various data, data to be processed by the CPU 5 and also data necessary for the processing. The RAM 6 has working memory 22 to be described later. In a ROM 7 are stored programs, which correspond to flowcharts to be described later, and which are executed by the CPU 5, and also programs corresponding to other processes.
In the CD-ROM 8 are stored various musical tone waveform data MW, which are waveform sampling data of musical instruments such as a piano, violin, flute, cymbal, etc. The individual musical tone waveform data are selected according to tone number data TN. In the CD-ROM 8 are also stored performance information MP on a plurality of songs. The performance information MP is data for automatic performance such as melody, chord, rhythm, etc..
In the CD-ROM 8 are further stored various kinds of control information CT. The control information CT includes data indicative of the start of reading of the musical tone waveform data MW noted above, loop top and loop end address data, envelope waveform data, touch data, key scaling data, etc.. The tone color of each tone is determined by the control information CT and tone number data TN. Data of the musical tone waveforms includes the control information CT in addition to the musical tone waveform data MW.
The performance information MP comprises a plurality of sequential event data. One piece of event data EV comprises status data SS, the above parameter data PR and step time data ST. The status data SS comprises key-"on"/"Off" data, key number data KN, chordtype data and chord root data, or touch data.
The parameter data PR is indicative of the function
level of the status data SS; for instance, it is data for controlling the touch, tone color, performance part, etc. The step time data ST represents time from bar mark data BM to event execution. The bar mark data BM represents a bar. End mark data ED represents the end of a song. The tone number data TN and control information CT or data designating the control information CT may be stored at the head of each piece of performance information MP or at a musical factor change point therein.
Volume distributer VD is stored in a head logic sector in the CD-ROM 8. The volume distributer VD comprises volume name data VN and directory DR. The volume name data VN represents the kind of memory such as the storage type of the CD-ROM 8.
The directory data DR comprises a file name, file size and head sector number of each piece of performance information MP, control information CT and each piece of musical tone waveform data MW and comprises all song number data ASN of performance information MP. The file name represents the song name with respect to the performance information MP, the tone number data TN with respect to the musical tone waveform data MW and the kind with respect to the control information CT.
The CD-ROM 8 is driven by the CD driver 9, and each piece of information that is read out as a result is supplied to the bus line through the CD interface 10. Performance information MP is further supplied to the bus line through the MIDI interface 11. This performance information MP is the same as the performance information MP of the CD-ROM 8. The CD interface 10 is of non-synchronous serial type, but it may be of synchronous parallel type as well.
The musical tone waveform data MW read out from the CD-ROM 8 is all loaded in the musical tone waveform stock memory 12 by the CPU 5. Performance information MP read out from the CD-ROM 8 and sent via a MIDI interface 11 is loaded in the performance information memory 13 by the CPU 5. Further, control information CT read out from the CD-ROM 8 is loaded in the control memory 14 by the CPU 5. The MIDI interface 11 may of a type other than the MIDI type.
As for musical tone waveform data MW in the musical tone waveform stock memory 12, the data that is selected by the CPU 5 is further loaded in the musical tone waveform memory 16 in the tone generator 15. The performance information PM (i.e., tone number data TN, key-"on"/"off" data, and pitch (or key number) data) in the performance information memory 13 or control information CT (i.e., envelope waveform data, touch data, and key scaling data) in the control memory 14, is supplied to the musical tone waveform reading circuit 17, and corresponding musical tone waveform data MW is read out from the musical tone waveform memory 16.
Further, the performance information MP (i.e., key-"on"/"off" data) in the performance information memory 13 and control information CT (i.e., envelope waveform data, touch data and key scaling data) in the control memory 14, is supplied to the envelope generator 18 for generation of corresponding envelope waveform data EN.
The musical tone waveform data MW and envelope waveform data EN are supplied to the multiplier 19 for multiplication, then to the accumulator 20 for accumulation and then to the sound system 21 for reproduction. In the musical tone waveform reading circuit 17 and envelope generator 18, musical tone generation systems for a plurality of channels are fo...
